Reservation enables you to plan and buy your campaigns with a fixed cost, offering optimized reach and controlled ad frequency while helping you forecast your campaign’s performance. This is similar to how people traditionally buy TV ads. This is a specialized, advanced option that most advertisers will only use if they want high assurance their ads reach a certain number of Accounts Center accounts.

Reservation works across ad types and devices. Since Meta targets based on real people, not cookies, we can more accurately predict reach and control frequency across devices.

Restrictions

Available for certain ad accounts. Check an ad account’s CAN_USE_REACH_AND_FREQUENCY parameter.

The ad set’s stop_time must be within 180 days of a prediction.

Accounts also have country-based limitations; check with a GET API call to https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>?fields=rf_spec.

Only set one country at a time in target_spec.

No minimal iOS versions for user_os, such as iOS_ver_2.0_and_above.

When creating or updating a reservation campaign, you cannot set the lifetime or daily budget, the lifetime or daily impression limit, the frequency cap or the external bid, or the PacingType field.

Search rf_spec for applicable limits:

Name	Description
`countries` array	Supported countries for reservation
`min_campaign_duration` object	Minimum campaign duration in days, per supported country
`max_campaign_duration` object	Maximum campaign duration in days, per supported country
`max_days_to_finish` object	Days in advance campaign can finish at time prediction made, per supported country
`min_reach_limits` object	Minimum reach in number of Accounts Center accounts, per supported country

Results look like this:

{
  "rf_spec": {
    "min_reach_limits": {
      "US": 1000000,
      "CA": 1000000,
    },
    "countries": [
      "US",
      "CA",
    ],
    "min_campaign_duration": {
      "US": 3,
      "CA": 3,
    },
    "max_campaign_duration": {
      "US": 30,
      "CA": 30,
    },
    "max_days_to_finish": {
      "US": 56,
      "CA": 56,
    }
  }
}

Create Predictions

Predictions contain the number of Accounts Center accounts your ad can reach in a date range based on a given reach, frequency, audience and budget. Reservation estimates can help you simulate your campaign’s lifetime results and will adjust based on your objective, budget, audience, formats and placements, brand safety, performance goal and frequency control settings.

Edits to a reservation campaign are possible after booking, but once the campaign is in flight, you cannot edit or pause it except to switch out your ad creatives. If you only edit an ad’s creative, your prediction won’t change. You may delete the campaign to cancel and stop it, but will need to re-book the campaign, where you may receive a new CPM and prediction on campaign outcomes. Only book campaigns you intend to run. For testing, limit your reservations to the smallest size and length; be certain you cancel them since this is real ads inventory that we reserve for you.

Limits

These are default limits for predictions:

Target audiences of at least 300k Accounts Center accounts.

Minimum reach of 200k Accounts Center accounts.

Ad sets must run at minimum 1 day and maximum of 90 days (The number of days is calculated as the number of days the campaign spans. For example, if a campaign starts at 12:00pm on day 1 and ends at 10:00am on day 2, the campaign is considered to have run for 2 days although the difference in hours is less than 24 hours).

Ad set stop time must be within 180 days of a prediction.

The campaign must end after 6AM on the last day in the ad account timezone.

Read Predictions

For details specify fields. To see all reachfrequencypredictions for an account, make a HTTP GET to

https://graph.facebook.com/{API_VERSION}/act_{AD_ACCOUNT_ID}/reachfrequencypredictions?fields={COMMA_SEPARATED_FIELD_LIST}

To reach all reachfrequencypredictions based on a reachfrequencyprediction ID, make a HTTP GET with fields, you want: https://graph.facebook.com/{API_VERSION}/{RF_PREDICTION_ID}?fields={COMMA_SEPARATED_FIELD_LIST}.

By default, Meta returns the ID. For field details, see Reservation Prediction, Reading.

Response Status Codes

This shows possible status results in reachfrequencyprediction. Initial limitations appear when applicable, however they may vary per ad account or by country in the future:

Code	Status	Description
1	SUCCESS	Prediction successful
2	PENDING	Prediction still being produced
3	FAIL	Unreachable audience. Too high reach or budget.
4	FAIL	Prediction settings invalid, for example, duration
5	FAIL	`targeting_spec` invalid
6	FAIL	Budget or bid for given reach too low
7	FAIL	Too short ad set length
8	FAIL	Too long ad set length
9	FAIL	Ad set end date too far in future
10	FAIL	Frequency cap not specified
11	FAIL	Ad placement not supported, such as mixed RHS and Feed
12	FAIL	Ad set dates issues (start time and/or end time): Start time in past, not midnight, or not full day. End time in past, exceeds 90 days of start time or doesn’t end after 6AM.
13	FAIL	Targeted country not yet supported
14	FAIL	Ad set dates include blackout days
15	FAIL	Insufficient inventory, unable to reserve. See Reserving a Prediction.
16	FAIL	Minimum reach required for account not achieved. See Getting Account Restrictions
17	FAIL	Actual reach available for this prediction is less than the minimum reach of the targeted country, usually 200,000 for most countries.
18	FAIL	Invalid day parting schedule provided.
19	FAIL	Target CPM unachievable.
20	FAIL	Frequency cap too low for blended delivery
21	FAIL	Ads inventory changed significantly enough for inaccurate prediction.
23	FAIL	Frequency cap interval not supported in target country.
24	FAIL	Holdout Lift Study ad set under account or campaign group not consistent with reservation prediction.
25	FAIL	Frequency cap can’t exceed the number of days your campaign runs.
26	FAILURE_EMPTY_AUDIENCE	Selected audience empty and unusable.
27	FAIL	No modification allowed on your running campaign.
28	FAIL	Cannot modify running campaign created with Insertion Order.
29	FAIL	Cannot modify running campaign due to time constraints.
30	FAIL	To edit a running reservation ad set, choose a budget higher than current spend.
31	FAIL	Lift Study for account or campaign group starts after campaign starts.
32	FAIL	Lift study for account or campaign group ends before campaign ends.
35	FAIL	Cannot set Reservation campaign start time to be in the past.
36	FAIL	Please make sure the duration of the Reservation ad set is longer than one day and the campaign start/end time is valid.
37	FAIL	The objective isn’t supported by Audience Network with the reservation buying type.
39	FAIL	Selected placements combination can’t be used when buying with reservation.
40	FAIL	Specific mobile OS versions can’t be targeted with the reservation buying type.
41	FAIL	Friends of connections can’t be targeted with the reservation buying type.
42	FAIL	Reservation campaigns are not able to run when Audience Network is selected as the only placement. Please select the Audience Network placement with either Facebook Feed or Instagram Feed as additional placements.
44	FAIL	Reservation doesn’t support Facebook Story.
45	FAIL	To use Facebook Stories as a placement, please also select either Facebook Feeds or Instagram Stories.
50	FAIL	Selected placements combination can’t be used when buying with Reservation. For Reservation IO buying, please ensure the objective is Video Views. Otherwise, to use Facebook In-Stream, please select the Facebook Feeds placement.
53	FAIL	The in-stream video placement is available only for audiences in the US, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Thailand, Mexico, Peru, France, Germany, Argentina, Colombia, Spain, Chile, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Bolivia, Honduras, El Salvador, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Portugal, Denmark, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam. To continue, edit your audience to include only people in those countries.
60	FAIL	To use Facebook Marketplace, please select the Facebook Feeds placement.
66	FAIL	Facebook Right Column Placement Cannot Be Combined with Other Placements.
69	FAIL	If you would like your ad shown on the Explore section of Instagram, you will also need to select Instagram Feed as a placement.
100+	FATAL	System failure, no user fault. Retry.

Use Predictions

Provide your Prediction ID and its data as input to create a new ID which serves as a reservation ID. Then attach this reservation ID to your ad set. Creating a reservation makes inventory unavailable to others, so you should attach it before it expires.

If the reservation succeeds, we temporarily reserve the inventory for you. You have approximately one hour after the reservation to assign an ad to an ad set.

If the hourly limit for reservation requests is exceeded, you’ll see the following error code and message: 613: Calls to this API have exceeded the rate limit.

Reserve

Reserve predictions for your ad sets to lock in your price and have predictable reach. Reserve an audience identified by reachfrequencyprediction for a set time with reserve for action. You can use a single prediction ID to create multiple reservations. For example:

curl \
-F 'action=reserve' \
-F 'rf_prediction_id=<RF_PREDICTION_ID>' \
-F 'access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>' \
'https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>/reachfrequencypredictions'

// Response
{"id":9876543210"}

To reserve inventory based on a prediction, make a POST API call to https://graph.facebook.com/{API_VERSION}/act_{AD_ACCOUNT_ID}/reachfrequencypredictions.

For reach, budget, and impression, you can reserve a prediction at a specific point on curve_budget_reach rather than the original tuple of prediction reach/budget. Use these fields:

Name	Description
`rf_prediction_id` int	Required. `reachfrequencyprediction` ID
`action` string	Required for reservation and cancellation. Options are: `reserve` - reserve inventory with previous prediction `cancel` - cancel reserved prediction
`rf_prediction_id_to_release` int	Optional. Reserved prediction or reservation ID. A new reservation releases a reserved audience and uses it for the new reservation. See Reusing Reserved Audiences
`rf_prediction_id_to_share` int	Optional. ID of previously created prediction. New predictions use the audience from a given prediction. Note: `rf_prediction_id_to_share` must be set to a valid prediction ID to use either the `TRAFFIC` objective or the `POST_ENGAGEMENT` and `LINK_CLICKS` optimizations. See the changelog for more information.
`reach` int	Optional. If specified, provide `budget` and `impression`. Specify `reach`, `budget`, and `impression` for that point on `curve_budget_reach`. You can override this value.
`budget` int	Optional. If specified, provide `reach` and `impression`. Specify `reach`, `budget`, and `impression` for that point on `curve_budget_reach`. You can override this value.
`impression` int	Optional. If specified, provide `reach` and `budget`. You can override this value. To do so, specify the `reach`, `budget`, and `impression` for that point on `curve_budget_reach`.

Meta reserves predictions asynchronously; you should poll and check the status of the prediction. Initially the prediction status is 2 (PENDING). On completion, status is 1, SUCCESS, or 15, FAIL which means we lack inventory to complete this reservation.

Since the reservation system is dynamic, you may see small changes in inventory availability between your prediction time and reservation time. However, Meta respects values you get at the prediction time, so long as changes fall into a reasonable threshold.

Assign to Ad Sets

After you successfully reserve a prediction, create an ad set with it:

curl \
-F "rf_prediction_id=<RF_PREDICTION_ID>" \
-F "access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>" \
"https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/<AD_SET_ID>"

To successfully assign a prediction, your ad set must meet these criteria:

Do not specify:

start_time - derived from prediction

end_time - derived from prediction

targeting - derived from prediction

bid_amount

optimization_goal

Either lifetime_budget or daily_budget

You can assign reservations to ad sets without active ads. However, you must have at least one active ad before the ad set starts.

You must include rf_prediction_id which attaches the prediction to the new ad set.

The ad campaign attribute of buying_type is RESERVED

You can also attach reachfrequencyprediction to ad sets to modify its prediction. Making a POST request to https://graph.facebook.com/{ad_set_id} with rf_prediction_id for the reachfrequencyprediction you want to use.

The following are limits on the ad set:

Publisher platform options: facebook, instagram.

Facebook placement options: feed, and rightcolumn.

Instagram placement options: stream, story, explore, explore_home and reels. If placement includes instagram, you must use destination_ids, not destination_id. The destination_ids field should contain the Facebook Page ID used as destination_id, plus the Instagram account ID.

Either Custom Audience or Partner Categories but not both

Website Custom Audiences, fan or video engagement-exclusion targeting are not permitted.

Ad set’s promoted_object must match the prediction’s destination_id. For page posts, it must be the page ID specified and for app ads, it must match the app ID specified.

Standard and Scheduled Ads Pacing supported, while accelerated delivery not.

We charge reservation campaigns on actual impressions delivered. If the campaign start time passes and the ad set lacks active ads, the campaign fails to deliver and no charges apply. Meta releases remaining inventory, however we may penalize the ad account for repeat occurrences.

When you create a campaign using Meta’s reservation buying type you are agreeing to pay the proposed costs for the advertising inventory you reserve. If you want to change your audience size or ad frequency, then your costs will also change. You can make these changes any time before your campaign starts. You can edit your ad creative until your campaign starts.

Manage Ads

Reservation ad sets may contain multiple ads; you can add more ads at any point. If the ad set activates and there are no active ads in it, you must create your first ad within 24 hours for ad sets lasting 3 to 30 days, or 6 hours for ad sets lasting 1 to 2 days. If you do not, we delete the reservation.

Detach Predictions, Modify Ad Sets

You can make edits or pause your reservation campaign before it starts. Once the campaign has started, you can only edit your ad creative, your budget or extend the end date. If you only edit an ad’s creative, your prediction won’t change.

If you change your budget or end date, this may generate a new prediction for your campaign which you will see in reservation estimates.

You cannot pause your reservation campaign after it starts, but you can delete the campaign to cancel your campaign at any time.

To pause or edit a set after it starts, see Pausing or Restarting Running Ad Sets and Editing Running Ad Sets. To delete an active set, see Ad Set, Reference. You’ll be charged for any impressions delivered.

Note, to avoid potential failures, we strongly discourage deleting all ads when a reservation ad set is live.

If you assign a reservation to an ad set before the ad set becomes active, you cannot change most attributes unless you detach the reservation. Make a HTTP POST request to the set and set rf_prediction_id to 0. You can only modify the name attribute on the ad set object.

To detach a reservation:

curl \
-F "rf_prediction_id=0" \
-F "access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>" \
"https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/<AD_SET_ID>"

Once an ad set is active, the reservation cannot be detached and attributes of the set cannot be modified, except a few ad attributes listed below that are on the allow list:

name

creative_id

creative_spec

conversion_specs

tracking_specs

view_tags

Pause and Restart Ad Sets

You can pause an active set, see Ad Set, Reference. If you pause an ad set for more than 30 minutes, we no longer guarantee the prediction for this set.

To reactivate a set paused for more than 30 minutes, you need a new prediction. Make a POST to reachfrequencypredictions. See Create a Prediction and Reserve the Prediction. You should pass an existing_campaign_id for the active set to be reactivated in the request. After you create and reserve a new prediction, attach reachfrequencyprediction to the ad set with HTTP POST to: https://graph.facebook.com/{ad_set_id} specifying rf_prediction_id for the prediction you want to use.

Edit Running Ad Sets

You can make these updates after a set starts.

Increase or decrease ad set budget and reach. Budget or reach should be greater than the current spend or delivered reach.

Extend ad set schedule to 90 days.

You cannot edit or pause an active set if it meets one of the following criteria:

Heavily under-delivered. Delivered less than 10% of prediction. Over-spent sets with spend over budget

Ad sets running only for one day

Ad sets ending within next 24 hours

To edit running ad sets, get a new prediction. See Create a Prediction and Reserve the Prediction. You should pass an existing_campaign_id for the active set to be reactivated in the request.

After a new prediction is created and reserved, you can attach reachfrequencyprediction to the ad set by making a HTTP POST request to: https://graph.facebook.com/{ad_set_id} specifying rf_prediction_id as the id of the reachfrequencyprediction you want to use.

Reuse Reserved Audiences

If you cancel a reservation it frees reserved inventory for other advertisers. However, you can reuse an audience from a previously reserved prediction if you aren’t already using it. This enables us to take into account additional inventory to create a prediction, without you having to cancel an existing reservation.

Include rf_prediction_id_to_share when you create a reservation. This is the ID of a previous prediction. This invalidates the previous reservation, so you can use this inventory for your newly created reservation.

To reserve the new prediction, you must also pass the additional parameter rf_prediction_id_to_release which is the ID of the previous reservation.

Ad Rotation and Sequencing

You can rotate ads in the ad set you are using. You do not need to detach the reservation from the ad set to do this. Add one or more ads to the ad set and wait until it becomes active. At this point, you can change the status of the initial ad to paused. You must have at least one active ad within the ad set.

You can design a sequence of ads that deliver in order. First create the ad set and ads. Then specify the sequence at the ad set level in creative_sequence. Each individual ad in this ad set may not appear, appear once, or appear multiple times in the sequence.

If creative_sequence array length is zero, then you’re using no sequencing. If the length is not zero, we recommend you make it equal frequency_cap in rf_prediction_id. If the length is larger than frequency_cap, we truncate the last several ads from the array. If the length is less than frequency_cap, we recursively auto-fill the array by repeating the sequence from the beginning. To make results clear, set the length of creative_sequence to the same amount as frequency_cap.

Each ad in the sequence has ACTIVE, PENDING_REVIEW, or CREDIT_CARD_NEEDED status. A particular ad in the sequence will only be delivered to a user if all the preceding ads in the sequence have been delivered. Ads not included in the creative_sequence will not be delivered.

All ads in an ad set using ad sequencing, no matter in the sequence or not, cannot be paused, archived, or deleted.

This feature is only available for reservation ad sets, i.e. the buying_type of its parent ad campaign is RESERVED, and this ad set has rf_prediction_id set.

More details can be found at ad set document.

Instagram Reservation

For predictable reach on Instagram, you can create a Reservation campaign with buying_type set to RESERVED.

Reservation helps you plan and book awareness and engagement campaigns, optimizing for reach, ad recall lift and ThruPlay.

Reach estimates in Ads Manager⁠ and the API can give partners guidance on what they can reasonably expect. The Instagram community comes first, we try to achieve reach objectives conservatively, and expect to evolve over time. All policies that apply to using reservation estimates for Facebook also apply to Instagram.

Error Codes

Code	Description
1487583	An ad set with no ads cannot be assigned a reservation prediction
1487055	Ad set status invalid
1487600	Ad set is already assigned to a reservation. If you want to use another prediction, please first disconnect current from the set using null value and then assign a new prediction.
1487578	The specified `reachandfrequencyprediction` ID does not exist, or does not belong to the account given.
1487581	Reservation prediction cannot be modified on an active ad set
1487594	No ads in reservation ad set
1487595	Invalid Target Spec in reservation ad set
1487614	Ad set start time does not match with original prediction
1487615	Ad set stop time does not match with original prediction
1487616	Cannot associate ad set with invalid prediction
1487671	Direct transition from one prediction to another for an ad set is not allowed.
1487244	Ad set Update Failed - reason should be given in response
1487672	Failed to assign prediction to ad set.
1487680	You don’t have permission to use reservation ad sets.

Examples

Creating a reachfrequencyprediction for an app destination_id:

curl \
-F 'target_spec={"geo_locations": {"countries":["US"]}, "age_max":35, "age_min":26, "genders":[2], "publisher_platforms":["facebook"], "facebook_positions":["feed"]}' \
-F 'start_time=1388534400' \
-F 'end_time=1389312000' \
-F 'frequency_cap=4' \
-F 'reach=1000000' \
-F 'budget=3000000' \
-F 'destination_id=<APP_ID>' \
-F 'prediction_mode=1' \
-F "objective=MOBILE_APP_INSTALLS" \
-F 'access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>' \
'https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>/reachfrequencypredictions'

{"id":"67890123456"}

Creating a reachfrequencyprediction for a page destination_id:

curl \
-F 'target_spec={"geo_locations": {"countries":["US"]}, "age_max":35, "age_min":26, "genders":[2], "publisher_platforms":["facebook"], "facebook_positions":["feed"]}' \
-F 'start_time=1388534400' \
-F 'end_time=1389312000' \
-F 'frequency_cap=4' \
-F 'reach=1000000' \
-F 'budget=3000000' \
-F 'destination_id=<PAGE_ID>' \
-F 'prediction_mode=1' \
-F "objective=POST_ENGAGEMENT" \
-F 'access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>' \
'https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>/reachfrequencypredictions'

{"id":"67890123456"}

Creating a reachfrequencyprediction for an app destination_id with Instagram placement:

curl \
-F 'target_spec={"geo_locations": {"countries":["US"]}, "age_max":35, "age_min":26, "genders":[2], "publisher_platforms":["facebook","instagram"], "device_platforms":["mobile"]}' \
-F 'start_time=1388534400' \
-F 'end_time=1389312000' \
-F 'frequency_cap=4' \
-F 'reach=1000000' \
-F 'budget=3000000' \
-F 'destination_ids=[<APP_ID>,<INSTAGRAM_ACCOUNT_ID>]' \
-F 'prediction_mode=1' \
-F "objective=MOBILE_APP_INSTALLS" \
-F 'access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>' \
'https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>/reachfrequencypredictions'

{"id":"67890123456"}

Poll the following endpoint via HTTP GET requests to retrieve the status until it is something other than 2:

https://graph.facebook.com/67890123456?fields=status

If the status is 1 (successful), then this can be attached to an ad set or reserved.

Reserving a prediction:

curl \
-F 'action=reserve' \
-F 'rf_prediction_id=<RF_PREDICTION_ID>' \
-F 'access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>' \
'https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>/reachfrequencypredictions'

{"id":"9876543210"}

Poll the following endpoint via HTTP GET requests to retrieve the status until it is something other than 2:

https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/<PREDICTION_ID>?fields=status

If the status is 1 (successful), then this can be attached to an ad set. Let’s set up your campaign structure by creating a campaign, an ad set, a creative, an ad, and assigning the reservation to the ad set.

Create an ad campaign:

curl \
-F "name=Test" \
-F "buying_type=RESERVED" \
-F "status=ACTIVE" \
-F "objective=POST_ENGAGEMENT" \
-F "access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>" \
https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>/campaigns

{"id":"1122334455"}

Create an ad set:

curl  \
-F "name=TestReachSet" \
-F "status=1" \
-F "campaign_id=<CAMPAIGN_ID>" \
-F "rf_prediction_id=<RF_PREDICTION_ID>" \
-F "access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>" \
"https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>/adsets"

{"id":"09876543"}

Generate an ad creative:

curl \
-F "name=sample creative" \
-F "type=1" \
-F "title=hello world" \
-F "body=hi i'm an ad" \
-F "link_url="https://www.facebook.com/" \
-F "image_hash=4aca812b4eadb72818a2c4124abd121a" \
-F "access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>" \
"https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>/adcreatives"

{"id":"1323123123123"}

Create an ad:

// Create an ad
curl \
-F "name=my ad" \
-F "adset_id=<AD_SET_ID>" \
-F "creative={'creative_id':<CREATIVE_ID>}" \
-F "access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>" \
"https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/act_<AD_ACCOUNT_ID>/ads"

{"id":"3213213123"}

Assigning a new prediction to the ad set:

curl \
-F "rf_prediction_id=<RF_PREDICTION_ID>" \
-F "access_token=<ACCESS_TOKEN>" \
"https://graph.facebook.com/<API_VERSION>/<AD_SET_ID>"

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